3.1.2.2 Symbols as Forms

If a form is a symbol, then it is either a symbol macro or a variable.

The symbol names a symbol macro if there is a binding of the symbol as a symbol macro in the current lexical environment

(see define-symbol-macro and symbol-macrolet).

If the symbol is a symbol macro, its expansion function is obtained. The expansion function is a function of two arguments, and is invoked by calling the macroexpand hook with the expansion function as its first argument, the symbol as its second argument, and an environment object (corresponding to the current lexical environment) as its third argument. The macroexpand hook, in turn, calls the expansion function with the form as its first argument and the environment as its second argument. The value of the expansion function, which is passed through by the macroexpand hook, is a form. This resulting form is processed in place of the original symbol.

If a form is a symbol that is not a symbol macro, then it is the name of a variable, and the value of that variable is returned. There are three kinds of variables: lexical variables, dynamic variables, and constant variables. A variable can store one object. The main operations on a variable are to read_1 and to write_1 its value.

An error of type unbound-variable should be signaled if an unbound variable is referenced.

Non-constant variables can be assigned by using setq or bound_3 by using let. Figure 3–1 lists some defined names that are applicable to assigning, binding, and defining variables.

  boundp        let                  progv         
  defconstant   let*                 psetq         
  defparameter  makunbound           set           
  defvar        multiple-value-bind  setq          
  lambda        multiple-value-setq  symbol-value  

  Figure 3–1: Some Defined Names Applicable to Variables

The following is a description of each kind of variable.