ColumnVectorData.h

//  Astrophysics Science Division,
//  NASA/ Goddard Space Flight Center
//  HEASARC
//  http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov
//  e-mail: ccfits@legacy.gsfc.nasa.gov
//
//  Original author: Ben Dorman
 
#ifndef COLUMNVECTORDATA_H
#define COLUMNVECTORDATA_H 1
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include "MSconfig.h"
#endif
#include "CCfits.h"
 
// valarray
#include <valarray>
// vector
#include <vector>
// Column
#include "Column.h"
 
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
#include <strstream>
#else
#include <sstream>
#endif
 
#include <memory>
#include <numeric>
#include <algorithm>
 
namespace CCfits {
 
        class Table;
 
}
 
#include "FITS.h"
#include "FITSUtil.h"
using std::complex;
 
 
namespace CCfits {
 
 
 
  template <typename T>
  class ColumnVectorData : public Column  //## Inherits: <unnamed>%38BAD1D4D370
  {
 
    public:
        ColumnVectorData(const ColumnVectorData< T > &right);
        ColumnVectorData (Table* p = 0);
        ColumnVectorData (int columnIndex, const string &columnName, ValueType type, const string &format, const string &unit, Table* p, int  rpt = 1, long w = 1, const string &comment = "");
        ~ColumnVectorData();
 
        virtual void readData (long firstrow, long nelements, long firstelem = 1);
        virtual ColumnVectorData<T>* clone () const;
        virtual void setDimen ();
        void setDataLimits (T* limits);
        const T minLegalValue () const;
        void minLegalValue (T value);
        const T maxLegalValue () const;
        void maxLegalValue (T value);
        const T minDataValue () const;
        void minDataValue (T value);
        const T maxDataValue () const;
        void maxDataValue (T value);
        const std::vector<std::valarray<T> >& data () const;
        void setData (const std::vector<std::valarray<T> >& value);
        const std::valarray<T>& data (int i) const;
        void data (int i, const std::valarray<T>& value);
 
      // Additional Public Declarations
        friend class Column;
    protected:
      // Additional Protected Declarations
 
    private:
        ColumnVectorData< T > & operator=(const ColumnVectorData< T > &right);
 
        virtual bool compare (const Column &right) const;
        void resizeDataObject (const std::vector<std::valarray<T> >& indata, size_t firstRow);
        //  Reads a specified number of column rows.
        //
        //  There are no default arguments. The function
        //  Column::read(firstrow,firstelem,nelements)
        //   is designed for reading the whole column.
        virtual void readColumnData (long first, long last, T* nullValue = 0);
        virtual std::ostream& put (std::ostream& s) const;
        void writeData (const std::valarray<T>& indata, long numRows, long firstRow = 1, T* nullValue = 0);
        void writeData (const std::vector<std::valarray<T> >& indata, long firstRow = 1, T* nullValue = 0);
        //  Reads a specified number of column rows.
        //
        //  There are no default arguments. The function
        //  Column::read(firstrow,firstelem,nelements)
        //   is designed for reading the whole column.
        virtual void readRow (size_t row, T* nullValue = 0);
        //  Reads a variable row..
        virtual void readVariableRow (size_t row, T* nullValue = 0);
        void readColumnData (long firstrow, long nelements, long firstelem, T* nullValue = 0);
        void writeData (const std::valarray<T>& indata, const std::vector<long>& vectorLengths, long firstRow = 1, T* nullValue = 0);
        void writeFixedRow (const std::valarray<T>& data, long row, long firstElem = 1, T* nullValue = 0);
        void writeFixedArray (T* data, long nElements, long nRows, long firstRow, T* nullValue = 0);
        //  Insert one or more blank rows into a FITS column.
        virtual void insertRows (long first, long number = 1);
        virtual void deleteRows (long first, long number = 1);
        virtual size_t getStoredDataSize() const;
        void doWrite (T* array, long row, long rowSize, long firstElem, T* nullValue);
 
      // Additional Private Declarations
 
    private: //## implementation
      // Data Members for Class Attributes
        T m_minLegalValue;
        T m_maxLegalValue;
        T m_minDataValue;
        T m_maxDataValue;
 
      // Data Members for Associations
        std::vector<std::valarray<T> > m_data;
 
      // Additional Implementation Declarations
 
  };
 
  // Parameterized Class CCfits::ColumnVectorData 
 
  template <typename T>
  inline void ColumnVectorData<T>::readData (long firstrow, long nelements, long firstelem)
  {
    readColumnData(firstrow,nelements,firstelem,static_cast<T*>(0));
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  inline const T ColumnVectorData<T>::minLegalValue () const
  {
    return m_minLegalValue;
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  inline void ColumnVectorData<T>::minLegalValue (T value)
  {
    m_minLegalValue = value;
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  inline const T ColumnVectorData<T>::maxLegalValue () const
  {
    return m_maxLegalValue;
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  inline void ColumnVectorData<T>::maxLegalValue (T value)
  {
    m_maxLegalValue = value;
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  inline const T ColumnVectorData<T>::minDataValue () const
  {
    return m_minDataValue;
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  inline void ColumnVectorData<T>::minDataValue (T value)
  {
    m_minDataValue = value;
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  inline const T ColumnVectorData<T>::maxDataValue () const
  {
    return m_maxDataValue;
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  inline void ColumnVectorData<T>::maxDataValue (T value)
  {
    m_maxDataValue = value;
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  inline const std::vector<std::valarray<T> >& ColumnVectorData<T>::data () const
  {
    return m_data;
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  inline void ColumnVectorData<T>::setData (const std::vector<std::valarray<T> >& value)
  {
    m_data = value;
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  inline const std::valarray<T>& ColumnVectorData<T>::data (int i) const
  {
    return m_data[i - 1];
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  inline void ColumnVectorData<T>::data (int i, const std::valarray<T>& value)
  {
     if (m_data[i-1].size() != value.size())
        m_data[i-1].resize(value.size());
     m_data[i - 1] = value;
  }
 
  // Parameterized Class CCfits::ColumnVectorData 
 
  template <typename T>
  ColumnVectorData<T>::ColumnVectorData(const ColumnVectorData<T> &right)
      :Column(right),
       m_minLegalValue(right.m_minLegalValue),
       m_maxLegalValue(right.m_maxLegalValue),
       m_minDataValue(right.m_minDataValue),
       m_maxDataValue(right.m_maxDataValue),
       m_data(right.m_data)
  {
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  ColumnVectorData<T>::ColumnVectorData (Table* p)
    : Column(p),
       m_minLegalValue(0),
       m_maxLegalValue(0),
       m_minDataValue(0),
       m_maxDataValue(0),
       m_data() 
  {
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  ColumnVectorData<T>::ColumnVectorData (int columnIndex, const string &columnName, ValueType type, const string &format, const string &unit, Table* p, int  rpt, long w, const string &comment)
        : Column(columnIndex,columnName,type,format,unit,p,rpt,w,comment),
          m_minLegalValue(0),
          m_maxLegalValue(0),
          m_minDataValue(0),
          m_maxDataValue(0), 
          m_data()
  {
  }
 
 
  template <typename T>
  ColumnVectorData<T>::~ColumnVectorData()
  {
  // valarray destructor should do all the work.
  }
 
 
  template <typename T>
  bool ColumnVectorData<T>::compare (const Column &right) const
  {
          if ( !Column::compare(right) ) return false;
          const ColumnVectorData<T>& that = static_cast<const ColumnVectorData<T>&>(right);
          size_t n = m_data.size();
          // m_data is of type valarray<T>.
          if ( that.m_data.size() != n ) return false;
          for (size_t i = 0; i < n ; i++)
          {
                const std::valarray<T>& thisValArray=m_data[i];
                const std::valarray<T>& thatValArray=that.m_data[i];
                size_t nn = thisValArray.size();
                if (thatValArray.size() != nn ) return false;
     
                for (size_t j = 0; j < nn ; j++ ) 
                {
                   if (thisValArray[j] != thatValArray[j])
                      return false;
                }
          }
          return true;
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  ColumnVectorData<T>* ColumnVectorData<T>::clone () const
  {
  return new ColumnVectorData<T>(*this);
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::resizeDataObject (const std::vector<std::valarray<T> >& indata, size_t firstRow)
  {
    // the rows() call is the value before updating.
    // the updateRows() call at the end sets the call to return the
    // value from the fits pointer - which is changed by writeFixedArray
    // or writeFixedRow.
 
    const size_t lastInputRow(indata.size() + firstRow - 1);
    const size_t newLastRow = std::max(lastInputRow,static_cast<size_t>(rows()));
 
    // if the write instruction increases the rows, we need to add
    // rows to the data member and preserve its current contents.
 
    // rows() >= origNRows since it is the value for entire table, 
    // not just this column.
    const size_t origNRows(m_data.size());
    // This will always be an expansion. vector.resize() doesn't
    // invalidate any data on an expansion.
    if (newLastRow > origNRows) m_data.resize(newLastRow);
 
    if (varLength())
    {
       // The incoming data will determine each row size, thus
       // no need to preserve any existing values in the row.
       // Each value will eventually be overwritten.
       for (size_t iRow = firstRow-1; iRow < lastInputRow; ++iRow)
       {
          std::valarray<T>& current = m_data[iRow];
          const size_t newSize = indata[iRow - (firstRow-1)].size();
          if (current.size() != newSize)
             current.resize(newSize);          
       }
    }
    else
    {
       // All row sizes in m_data should ALWAYS be either repeat(),
       // or 0 if they haven't been initialized.  This is true regardless
       // of the incoming data row size.  
 
       // Perform LAZY initialization of m_data rows.  Only
       // expand a row valarray when it is first needed.
       for (size_t iRow = firstRow-1; iRow < lastInputRow; ++iRow)
       {
          if (m_data[iRow].size() != repeat())
             m_data[iRow].resize(repeat());
       }       
    }
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::setDimen ()
  {
  int status(0);
  FITSUtil:: auto_array_ptr<char> dimValue (new char[FLEN_VALUE]);
 
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
  std::ostrstream key;
#else
  std::ostringstream key;
#endif
  key << "TDIM" << index();
 
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
  fits_read_key_str(fitsPointer(), key.str(), dimValue.get(),0,&status);
#else
  fits_read_key_str(fitsPointer(),const_cast<char*>(key.str().c_str()),dimValue.get(),0,&status);
#endif
 
  if (status == 0)
  {
        dimen(String(dimValue.get()));
  }
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::readColumnData (long first, long last, T* nullValue)
  {
  makeHDUCurrent();
 
 
          if ( rows() < last ) 
          {
                std::cerr << "CCfits: More data requested than contained in table. ";
                std::cerr << "Extracting complete column.\n";
                last = rows();
          }
 
          long nelements = (last - first + 1)*repeat();
 
 
          readColumnData(first,nelements,1,nullValue);   
          if (first <= 1 && last == rows()) isRead(true);
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  std::ostream& ColumnVectorData<T>::put (std::ostream& s) const
  {
  // output header information
    Column::put(s);
    if ( FITS::verboseMode() )
    {
          s << " Column Legal limits: ( " << m_minLegalValue << "," << m_maxLegalValue << " )\n" 
          << " Column Data  limits: ( " << m_minDataValue << "," << m_maxDataValue << " )\n";
    }
    if (!m_data.empty())
    {
      for (size_t j = 0; j < m_data.size(); j++)
      {
                  size_t n = m_data[j].size();
          if ( n )
              {
                          s << "Row " << j + 1 << " Vector Size " << n << '\n';
              for (size_t k = 0; k < n - 1; k++)
                  {
                          s << m_data[j][k] << '\t';
                  }
                  s << m_data[j][n - 1] << '\n';
          }
      }
    }
 
    return s;
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::writeData (const std::valarray<T>& indata, long numRows, long firstRow, T* nullValue)
  {
     // This version of writeData is called by Column write functions which 
     // can only write the same number of elements to each row.  
     // For fixed width columns, this must be equal to the repeat value
     // or an exception is thrown.  For variable width, it only requires
     // that indata.size()/numRows is an int.
 
     // won't do anything if < 0, and will give divide check if == 0.
     if (numRows <= 0) throw InvalidNumberOfRows(numRows);
 
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
     std::ostrstream msgStr;
#else
     std::ostringstream msgStr;
#endif            
     if (indata.size() % static_cast<size_t>(numRows))
     {
        msgStr << "To use this write function, input array size"
           <<"\n must be exactly divisible by requested num rows: "
           << numRows;
        throw InsufficientElements(msgStr.str());
     }
     const size_t cellsize = indata.size()/static_cast<size_t>(numRows);
 
     if (!varLength() && cellsize != repeat() )
     {      
        msgStr << "column: " << name() 
               <<  "\n input data size: " << indata.size() 
               << " required: " << numRows*repeat();
        String msg(msgStr.str());
        throw InsufficientElements(msg);     
     }
 
     std::vector<std::valarray<T> > internalFormat(numRows);
 
     // support writing equal row lengths to variable columns.
 
     for (long j = 0; j < numRows; ++j)
     {
        internalFormat[j].resize(cellsize);
        internalFormat[j] = indata[std::slice(cellsize*j,cellsize,1)];
     }
 
     // change the size of m_data based on the first row to be written
     // and on the input data vector sizes.
 
     writeData(internalFormat,firstRow,nullValue);    
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::writeData (const std::vector<std::valarray<T> >& indata, long firstRow, T* nullValue)
  {
     // This is called directly by Column's writeArrays functions, and indirectly
     // by both categories of write functions, ie. those which allow differing
     // lengths per row and those that don't.
    const size_t nInputRows(indata.size());   
    using  std::valarray;
 
    resizeDataObject(indata,firstRow); 
    // After the above call, can assume all m_data arrays to be written to 
    // have been properly resized whether we're dealing with fixed or
    // variable length.       
 
    if (varLength())
    {
       // firstRow is 1-based, but all these internal row variables 
       // will be 0-based.  
       const size_t endRow = nInputRows + firstRow-1;
       for (size_t iRow = firstRow-1; iRow < endRow; ++iRow)
       {
          m_data[iRow] = indata[iRow - (firstRow-1)];
          // doWrite wants 1-based rows.
          doWrite(&m_data[iRow][0], iRow+1, m_data[iRow].size(), 1, nullValue);
       }
       parent()->updateRows();
    }
    else
    {
       // Check for simplest case of all valarrays of size repeat().
       // If any are greater, throw an error.
       const size_t colRepeat = repeat();
       bool allEqualRepeat = true;
       for (size_t i=0; i<nInputRows; ++i)
       {
          const size_t sz = indata[i].size();
          if (sz > colRepeat)
          {
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
             std::ostrstream oss;
#else
             std::ostringstream oss;
#endif 
             oss << " vector column length " << colRepeat 
                <<", input valarray length " << sz;
             throw InvalidRowParameter(oss.str());               
          }
          if (sz < colRepeat)
             allEqualRepeat = false;
       }
 
       if (allEqualRepeat)
       {
          // concatenate the valarrays and write.
          const size_t nElements (colRepeat*nInputRows);
          FITSUtil::CVAarray<T> convert;
          FITSUtil::auto_array_ptr<T> pArray(convert(indata));
          T* array = pArray.get();
 
          // if T is complex, then CVAarray returns a 
          // C-array of complex objects. But FITS requires an array of complex's
          // value_type.
 
          // This writes to the file and also calls updateRows.
          writeFixedArray(array,nElements,nInputRows,firstRow,nullValue);            
 
          for (size_t j = 0; j < nInputRows ; ++j)
          {
              const valarray<T>& input   = indata[j];
              valarray<T>& current = m_data[j + firstRow - 1];
              // current should be resized by resizeDataObject.
              current = input;
          }
       }
       else
       {
          // Some input arrays have fewer than colRepeat elements. 
          const size_t endRow = nInputRows + firstRow-1;
          for (size_t iRow = firstRow-1; iRow<endRow; ++iRow)
          {
             // resizeDataObject should already have resized all
             // corresponding m_data rows to repeat().
             const valarray<T>& input = indata[iRow-(firstRow-1)];
             writeFixedRow(input, iRow, 1, nullValue);
          }
          parent()->updateRows();          
       }  
 
    } // end if !varLength
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::readRow (size_t row, T* nullValue)
  {
          makeHDUCurrent();
 
 
 
          if ( row > static_cast<size_t>(rows()) ) 
          {
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
                  std::ostrstream msg;
#else
                  std::ostringstream msg;
#endif
                msg << " row requested: " << row << " row range: 1 - " << rows();                
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
                msg << std::ends;
#endif
 
                throw Column::InvalidRowNumber(msg.str()); 
          }
 
          // this is really for documentation purposes. I expect the optimizer will
          // remove this redundant definition .
          bool variable(type() < 0); 
 
 
          long nelements(repeat());
 
          if (variable)
          {
              readVariableRow(row,nullValue);
          }
          else
          {      
              readColumnData(row,nelements,1,nullValue);      
          }
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::readVariableRow (size_t row, T* nullValue)
  {
      int status(0);
      long offset(0);
      long repeat(0);
      if (fits_read_descript(fitsPointer(),index(),static_cast<long>(row),
                      &repeat,&offset,&status)) throw FitsError(status);
      readColumnData(row,repeat,1,nullValue);   
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::readColumnData (long firstrow, long nelements, long firstelem, T* nullValue)
  {
   int   status=0;
 
   FITSUtil::auto_array_ptr<T> pArray(new T[nelements]); 
   T*     array = pArray.get();
   int    anynul(0);
 
 
 
   if (fits_read_col(fitsPointer(), abs(type()),index(), firstrow, firstelem,
                          nelements, nullValue, array, &anynul, &status) != 0)  
       throw FitsError(status);
 
   size_t countRead = 0;
   const size_t ONE = 1;
 
   if (m_data.size() != static_cast<size_t>(rows())) m_data.resize(rows());
   size_t vectorSize(0);
   if (!varLength())
   {
 
        vectorSize = std::max(repeat(),ONE); // safety check.
 
   }
   else
   {
        // assume that the user specified the correct length for 
        // variable columns. This should be ok since readVariableColumns
        // uses fits_read_descripts to return this information from the
        // fits pointer, and this is passed as nelements here.
        vectorSize = nelements;       
   }
   size_t n = nelements; 
 
   int i = firstrow;
   int ii = i - 1;
   while ( countRead < n)
   {
         std::valarray<T>& current = m_data[ii];
         if (current.size() != vectorSize) current.resize(vectorSize);
         int elementsInFirstRow = vectorSize-firstelem + 1;
         bool lastRow = ( (nelements - countRead) < vectorSize);
         if (lastRow)
         {
               int elementsInLastRow = nelements - countRead;
               std::valarray<T> ttmp(array + vectorSize*(ii-firstrow) + elementsInFirstRow,
                                                     elementsInLastRow);
               for (int kk = 0; kk < elementsInLastRow; kk++) current[kk] = ttmp[kk];
               countRead += elementsInLastRow;
 
         }
         // what to do with complete rows
         else 
         {
                if (firstelem == 1 || (firstelem > 1 && i > firstrow) )
                {
                        std::valarray<T> ttmp(array + vectorSize*(ii - firstrow) + 
                                        elementsInFirstRow,vectorSize);
                        current = ttmp;
            ii++;
            i++;
                        countRead += vectorSize;   
                }   
                else
                { 
                        if (i == firstrow)
                        {
                                std::valarray<T> ttmp(array,elementsInFirstRow);
                                for (size_t kk = firstelem ; kk < vectorSize ; kk++)
                                      current[kk] = ttmp[kk-firstelem];   
                                countRead += elementsInFirstRow;
                                i++;
                                ii++;
                        }
                }
         }
    }
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::writeData (const std::valarray<T>& indata, const std::vector<long>& vectorLengths, long firstRow, T* nullValue)
  {
     // Called from Column write functions which allow differing lengths
     // for each row.
    using namespace std;
    const size_t N(vectorLengths.size());
    vector<long> sums(N);
    // pre-calculate partial sums of vector lengths for use as array offsets.
    partial_sum(vectorLengths.begin(),vectorLengths.end(),sums.begin());
    // check that sufficient data have been supplied to carry out the entire operation.
    if (indata.size() < static_cast<size_t>(sums[N-1]) )
    {
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
        ostrstream msgStr;
#else
        ostringstream msgStr;
#endif            
        msgStr << " input data size: " << indata.size() << " vector length sum: " << sums[N-1];
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
        msgStr << std::ends;
#endif            
 
        String msg(msgStr.str());
        throw InsufficientElements(msg);     
    }
 
    vector<valarray<T> > vvArray(N);
    long& last = sums[0];
    vvArray[0].resize(last);
    for (long jj = 0; jj < last; ++jj) vvArray[0][jj] = indata[jj];
 
    for (size_t j = 1; j < N; ++j)
    {
               valarray<T>& __tmp = vvArray[j];
               // these  make the code much more readable
               long& first = sums[j-1];
               long& jlast = sums[j];
               __tmp.resize(jlast - first);
               for (long k = first; k < jlast; ++k)
               { 
                        __tmp[k - first] = indata[k];
               }
    }       
 
    writeData(vvArray,firstRow,nullValue);
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::writeFixedRow (const std::valarray<T>& data, long row, long firstElem, T* nullValue)
  {
 
    // This is to be called only for FIXED length vector columns.  It will 
    // throw if data.size()+firstElem goes beyond the repeat value.
    // If data.size() is less than repeat, it leaves the remaining values
    // undisturbed both in the file and in m_data storage.
 
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
    std::ostrstream msgStr;
#else
    std::ostringstream msgStr;
#endif            
    if (varLength())
    {
       msgStr <<"Calling ColumnVectorData::writeFixedRow for a variable length column.\n";
       throw FitsFatal(msgStr.str()); 
    }
 
    std::valarray<T>& storedRow = m_data[row];    
    long inputSize = static_cast<long>(data.size());
    long storedSize(storedRow.size());
    if (storedSize != static_cast<long>(repeat()))
    {
       msgStr<<"stored array size vs. column width mismatch in ColumnVectorData::writeFixedRow.\n";
       throw FitsFatal(msgStr.str());
    }
 
    if (inputSize + firstElem - 1 > storedSize)
    { 
          msgStr << " requested write " << firstElem << " to " 
                 << firstElem  + inputSize - 1 << " exceeds vector length " << repeat();
       throw InvalidRowParameter(msgStr.str());        
    }
 
    // CANNOT give a strong exception safety guarantee because writing
    // data changes the file. Any corrective action that could be taken
    // [e.g. holding initial contents of the row and writing it back after
    // an exception is thrown] could in principle throw the same exception
    // we are trying to protect from.
 
    // routine does however give the weak guarantee (no resource leaks).    
 
    // It's never a good thing to cast away a const, but doWrite calls the 
    // CFITSIO write functions which take a non-const pointer (though
    // it shouldn't actually modify the array), and I'd rather not 
    // copy the entire valarray just to avoid this problem.
    std::valarray<T>& lvData = const_cast<std::valarray<T>&>(data);
    T* inPointer = &lvData[0];
    doWrite(inPointer, row+1, inputSize, firstElem, nullValue); 
 
    // Writing to disk was successful, now update FITS object and return.
    const size_t offset = static_cast<size_t>(firstElem) - 1;
    for (size_t iElem=0; iElem < static_cast<size_t>(inputSize); ++iElem)
    {
       // This doesn't require inPointer's non-constness.  It's just
       // used here to speed things up a bit.
       storedRow[iElem + offset] = inPointer[iElem];
    }
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::writeFixedArray (T* data, long nElements, long nRows, long firstRow, T* nullValue)
  {
    int status(0);
 
    // check for sanity of inputs, then write to file.
    // this function writes only complete rows to a table with
    // fixed width rows.
 
 
    if ( nElements < nRows*static_cast<long>(repeat()) )
    {
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
        std::ostrstream msgStr;
#else
        std::ostringstream msgStr;
#endif
        msgStr << " input array size: " << nElements << " required " << nRows*repeat();
        String msg(msgStr.str());
 
            throw Column::InsufficientElements(msg);
    } 
 
    if (nullValue) 
    {
       if (fits_write_colnull(fitsPointer(),abs(type()),index(),firstRow,
                           1,nElements,data,nullValue,&status)) throw FitsError(status);
    }
    else
    {
       if (fits_write_col(fitsPointer(),abs(type()),index(),firstRow,
                           1,nElements,data,&status)) throw FitsError(status);
    }
 
    parent()->updateRows();
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::insertRows (long first, long number)
  {
    if (first >= 0 && first <= static_cast<long>(m_data.size()))
    {
       typename std::vector<std::valarray<T> >::iterator in;
       if (first !=0) 
       {
               in = m_data.begin()+first;
       }
       else
       {
               in = m_data.begin();
       }           
 
       // non-throwing operations.
       m_data.insert(in,number,std::valarray<T>(T(),0));
    }
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::deleteRows (long first, long number)
  {
    // Don't assume the calling routine (ie. Table's deleteRows)
    // knows Column's current m_data size.  m_data may still be
    // size 0 if no read operations have been performed on Column. 
    // Therefore perform range checking before erasing.
    const long curSize = static_cast<long>(m_data.size());
    if (curSize>0 && first <= curSize)
    {
       const long last = std::min(curSize, first-1+number);
       m_data.erase(m_data.begin()+first-1,m_data.begin()+last);
    }
     
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  size_t ColumnVectorData<T>::getStoredDataSize() const
  {
     return m_data.size();
  }
  
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::setDataLimits (T* limits)
  {
    m_minLegalValue = limits[0];
    m_maxLegalValue = limits[1];
    m_minDataValue = std::max(limits[2],limits[0]);
    m_maxDataValue = std::min(limits[3],limits[1]);
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  void ColumnVectorData<T>::doWrite (T* array, long row, long rowSize, long firstElem, T* nullValue)
  {
    int status(0);
    // internal functioning of write_colnull forbids its use for writing
    // variable width columns. If a nullvalue argument was supplied it will
    // be ignored.
    if ( !varLength())
    {
        if (fits_write_colnull(fitsPointer(),type(),index(),row, firstElem, rowSize,
                    array, nullValue,&status)) throw FitsError(status);
    }
    else
    {
        if (fits_write_col(fitsPointer(),abs(type()),index(),row,firstElem,rowSize,
                    array,&status)) throw FitsError(status);
 
    }
  }
 
  // Additional Declarations
 
  // all functions that operate on complex data that call cfitsio 
  // need to be specialized. The signature containing complex<T>* objects
  // is unfortunate, perhaps, for this purpose, but the user will  access
  // rw operations through standard library containers.
 
 
 
 
 
#if SPEC_TEMPLATE_IMP_DEFECT || SPEC_TEMPLATE_DECL_DEFECT
template <>
inline void ColumnVectorData<complex<float> >::setDataLimits (complex<float>* limits)
        {
                m_minLegalValue = limits[0];
                m_maxLegalValue = limits[1];
                m_minDataValue =  limits[2];
                m_maxDataValue =  limits[3];
        }
#else
template <>
  void 
  ColumnVectorData<complex<float> >::setDataLimits (complex<float>* limits);
#endif
 
#if SPEC_TEMPLATE_IMP_DEFECT || SPEC_TEMPLATE_DECL_DEFECT
template <>
inline void ColumnVectorData<complex<double> >::setDataLimits (complex<double>* limits)
        {
                m_minLegalValue = limits[0];
                m_maxLegalValue = limits[1];
                m_minDataValue =  limits[2];
                m_maxDataValue =  limits[3];
        }
#else
 template <>
   void 
   ColumnVectorData<complex<double> >::setDataLimits (complex<double>* limits);
#endif
 
 
#if SPEC_TEMPLATE_IMP_DEFECT || SPEC_TEMPLATE_DECL_DEFECT
        template <>
        inline void ColumnVectorData<std::complex<float> >::readColumnData(long firstRow, 
                                long nelements, long firstElem, std::complex<float>* null )
        {
            int   status=0;
            float nulval (0);
            FITSUtil::auto_array_ptr<float> pArray(new float[2*nelements]); 
            float*     array = pArray.get();
            int    anynul(0);
 
            if (fits_read_col_cmp(fitsPointer(),index(),firstRow, firstElem,
                            nelements,nulval,array,&anynul,&status) ) throw FitsError(status);
 
            if (m_data.size() != static_cast<size_t>(rows())) m_data.resize(rows());
 
            std::valarray<std::complex<float> > readData(nelements);
            for (long j = 0; j < nelements; ++j)
            {
                    readData[j] = std::complex<float>(array[2*j],array[2*j+1]);
            }
            size_t countRead = 0;
            const size_t ONE = 1;
 
            if (m_data.size() != static_cast<size_t>(rows())) m_data.resize(rows());
            size_t vectorSize(0);
            if (!varLength())
            {
                 vectorSize = std::max(repeat(),ONE); // safety check.
            }
            else
            {
                 // assume that the user specified the correct length for 
                 // variable columns. This should be ok since readVariableColumns
                 // uses fits_read_descripts to return this information from the
                 // fits pointer, and this is passed as nelements here.
                 vectorSize = nelements;       
            }
            size_t n = nelements; 
 
            int i = firstRow;
            int ii = i - 1;
            while ( countRead < n)
            {
                    std::valarray<complex<float> >& current = m_data[ii];
                    if (current.size() != vectorSize) current.resize(vectorSize,0.);
                    int elementsInFirstRow = vectorSize-firstElem + 1;
                    bool lastRow = ( (nelements - countRead) < vectorSize);
                    if (lastRow)
                    {
                            int elementsInLastRow = nelements - countRead;
                            std::copy(&readData[countRead],&readData[0]+nelements,&current[0]);
                            countRead += elementsInLastRow;
                    }             
                    // what to do with complete rows. if firstElem == 1 the 
                    else 
                    {
                            if (firstElem == 1 || (firstElem > 1 && i > firstRow) )
                            {
                                    current = readData[std::slice(vectorSize*(ii-firstRow)+
                                                               elementsInFirstRow,vectorSize,1)];
                        ++ii;
                        ++i;
                                    countRead += vectorSize;   
                            }   
                            else
                            { 
                                    if (i == firstRow)
                                    {
                                            std::copy(&readData[0],&readData[0]+elementsInFirstRow,
                                                                            &current[firstElem]);
                                            countRead += elementsInFirstRow;
                                            ++i;
                                            ++ii;
                                    }
                            }
                    }
            }
    }
#else
template <>
void ColumnVectorData<complex<float> >::readColumnData(long firstRow, 
                        long nelements, 
                        long firstElem, complex<float>* null);
#endif
 
#if SPEC_TEMPLATE_IMP_DEFECT || SPEC_TEMPLATE_DECL_DEFECT
    template <>
    inline void ColumnVectorData<complex<double> >::readColumnData (long firstRow, 
              long nelements,long firstElem, 
              complex<double>* nullValue)
    {
 
        // duplicated for each complex type to work around imagined or
        // actual compiler deficiencies.
            int   status=0;
            double nulval (0);
            FITSUtil::auto_array_ptr<double> pArray(new double[2*nelements]); 
            double*     array = pArray.get();
            int    anynul(0);
 
            if (fits_read_col_dblcmp(fitsPointer(),index(),firstRow, firstElem,
                            nelements,nulval,array,&anynul,&status) ) throw FitsError(status);
 
            if (m_data.size() != static_cast<size_t>(rows())) m_data.resize(rows());
 
            std::valarray<std::complex<double> > readData(nelements);
            for (long j = 0; j < nelements; ++j)
            {
                    readData[j] = std::complex<double>(array[2*j],array[2*j+1]);
            }
            size_t countRead = 0;
            const size_t ONE = 1;
 
            if (m_data.size() != static_cast<size_t>(rows())) m_data.resize(rows());
            size_t vectorSize(0);
            if (!varLength())
            {
                 vectorSize = std::max(repeat(),ONE); // safety check.
            }
            else
            {
                 // assume that the user specified the correct length for 
                 // variable columns. This should be ok since readVariableColumns
                 // uses fits_read_descripts to return this information from the
                 // fits pointer, and this is passed as nelements here.
                 vectorSize = nelements;       
            }
            size_t n = nelements; 
 
            int i = firstRow;
            int ii = i - 1;
            while ( countRead < n)
            {
                    std::valarray<std::complex<double> >& current = m_data[ii];
                    if (current.size() != vectorSize) current.resize(vectorSize,0.);
                    int elementsInFirstRow = vectorSize-firstElem + 1;
                    bool lastRow = ( (nelements - countRead) < vectorSize);
                    if (lastRow)
                    {
                            int elementsInLastRow = nelements - countRead;
                            std::copy(&readData[countRead],&readData[0]+nelements,&current[0]);
                            countRead += elementsInLastRow;
                    }             
                    // what to do with complete rows. if firstElem == 1 the 
                    else 
                    {
                            if (firstElem == 1 || (firstElem > 1 && i > firstRow) )
                            {
                                    current = readData[std::slice(vectorSize*(ii-firstRow)+
                                                               elementsInFirstRow,vectorSize,1)];
                        ++ii;
                        ++i;
                                    countRead += vectorSize;   
                            }   
                            else
                            { 
                                    if (i == firstRow)
                                    {
                                            std::copy(&readData[0],&readData[0]+elementsInFirstRow,
                                                                            &current[firstElem]);
                                            countRead += elementsInFirstRow;
                                            ++i;
                                            ++ii;
                                    }
                            }
                    }
            }
    }
#else
template <>
void ColumnVectorData<complex<double> >::readColumnData (long firstRow, 
                        long nelements,
                        long firstElem, complex<double>* null);
#endif
 
#if SPEC_TEMPLATE_IMP_DEFECT || SPEC_TEMPLATE_DECL_DEFECT
        template <>
        inline void ColumnVectorData<complex<float> >::writeFixedArray 
                        (complex<float>* data, long nElements, long nRows, long firstRow, 
                         complex<float>* nullValue)
        {
 
                int status(0);
 
    // check for sanity of inputs, then write to file.
    // this function writes only complete rows to a table with
    // fixed width rows.
 
 
                if ( nElements < nRows*static_cast<long>(repeat()) )
                {
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
                        std::ostrstream msgStr;
#else
                        std::ostringstream msgStr;
#endif
                        msgStr << " input array size: " << nElements 
                                        << " required " << nRows*repeat();
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
                        msgStr << std::ends;
#endif
 
 
                        String msg(msgStr.str());
 
                        throw Column::InsufficientElements(msg);
                } 
 
                FITSUtil::auto_array_ptr<float> realData(new float[2*nElements]);
 
                for (int j = 0; j < nElements; ++j)
                {
                        realData[2*j] = data[j].real();
                        realData[2*j+1] = data[j].imag();       
                }
 
 
 
                if (fits_write_col_cmp(fitsPointer(),index(),firstRow,
                        1,nElements,realData.get(),&status)) throw FitsError(status);
 
                parent()->updateRows();
        }
#else
template <>
void ColumnVectorData<complex<float> >::writeFixedArray 
     (complex<float>* data, long nElements, long nRows, long firstRow, std::complex<float>* null);
#endif
 
#if SPEC_TEMPLATE_IMP_DEFECT || SPEC_TEMPLATE_DECL_DEFECT
        template <>
        inline void ColumnVectorData<complex<double> >::writeFixedArray 
                        (complex<double>* data, long nElements, long nRows, long firstRow, 
                         complex<double>* nullValue)
        {
                int status(0);
 
    // check for sanity of inputs, then write to file.
    // this function writes only complete rows to a table with
    // fixed width rows.
 
 
                if ( nElements < nRows*static_cast<long>(repeat()) )
                {
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
                        std::ostrstream msgStr;
#else
                        std::ostringstream msgStr;
#endif
                        msgStr << " input array size: " << nElements 
                                        << " required " << nRows*repeat();
#ifdef SSTREAM_DEFECT
                        msgStr << std::ends;
#endif
 
                        String msg(msgStr.str());
 
                        throw Column::InsufficientElements(msg);
                } 
 
                FITSUtil::auto_array_ptr<double> realData(new double[2*nElements]);
 
                for (int j = 0; j < nElements; ++j)
                {
                        realData[2*j] = data[j].real();
                        realData[2*j+1] = data[j].imag();       
                }
 
 
 
                if (fits_write_col_dblcmp(fitsPointer(),index(),firstRow,
                        1,nElements,realData.get(),&status)) throw FitsError(status);
 
                parent()->updateRows();
 
        }
#else
template <>
void ColumnVectorData<complex<double> >::writeFixedArray 
                (complex<double>* data, long nElements, long nRows, long firstRow, 
                 std::complex<double>* null);
#endif
 
#ifdef SPEC_TEMPLATE_DECL_DEFECT
  template <>
  inline void  
  ColumnVectorData<std::complex<float> >::doWrite 
  (std::complex<float>* data, long row, long rowSize, long firstElem, std::complex<float>* nullValue )
  {
    int status(0);
    FITSUtil::auto_array_ptr<float> carray( new float[2*rowSize]); 
    for ( long j = 0 ; j < rowSize; ++ j)
      {
    carray[2*j] = data[j].real();
    carray[2*j + 1] = data[j].imag();
      }
    if (fits_write_col_cmp(fitsPointer(),index(),row,firstElem,rowSize,
               carray.get(),&status)) throw FitsError(status);
  }
 
 
  template <>
  inline void  
  ColumnVectorData<std::complex<double> >::doWrite
  (std::complex<double>* data, long row, long rowSize, long firstElem, std::complex<double>* nullValue )
  {
    int status(0);
    FITSUtil::auto_array_ptr<double> carray( new double[2*rowSize]); 
    for ( long j = 0 ; j < rowSize; ++ j)
      {
    carray[2*j] = data[j].real();
    carray[2*j + 1] = data[j].imag();
      }
    if (fits_write_col_dblcmp(fitsPointer(),index(),row,firstElem,rowSize,
                  carray.get(),&status)) throw FitsError(status);
 
  }
 
#else
template<>
void 
ColumnVectorData<complex<float> >::doWrite 
                ( complex<float>* data, long row, long rowSize, long firstElem, complex<float>* nullValue);
 
template<>
void 
ColumnVectorData<complex<double> >::doWrite 
                ( complex<double>* data, long row, long rowSize, long firstElem, complex<double>* nullValue );
#endif
} // namespace CCfits
 
 
#endif