QAccessibleInterface Class
The QAccessibleInterface class defines an interface that exposes information about accessible objects. More...
| Header: | #include <QAccessibleInterface> |
| qmake: | QT += gui |
| Inherited By: |
Public Functions
| QAccessibleActionInterface * | actionInterface() |
| virtual QColor | backgroundColor() const |
| virtual QAccessibleInterface * | child(int index) const = 0 |
| virtual QAccessibleInterface * | childAt(int x, int y) const = 0 |
| virtual int | childCount() const = 0 |
| virtual QAccessibleInterface * | focusChild() const |
| virtual QColor | foregroundColor() const |
| virtual int | indexOfChild(const QAccessibleInterface *child) const = 0 |
| virtual void * | interface_cast(QAccessible::InterfaceType type) |
| virtual bool | isValid() const = 0 |
| virtual QObject * | object() const = 0 |
| virtual QAccessibleInterface * | parent() const = 0 |
| virtual QRect | rect() const = 0 |
| virtual QVector<QPair<QAccessibleInterface *, QAccessible::Relation>> | relations(QAccessible::Relation match = QAccessible::AllRelations) const |
| virtual QAccessible::Role | role() const = 0 |
| virtual void | setText(QAccessible::Text t, const QString &text) = 0 |
| virtual QAccessible::State | state() const = 0 |
| QAccessibleTableCellInterface * | tableCellInterface() |
| QAccessibleTableInterface * | tableInterface() |
| virtual QString | text(QAccessible::Text t) const = 0 |
| QAccessibleTextInterface * | textInterface() |
| QAccessibleValueInterface * | valueInterface() |
| virtual QWindow * | window() const |
Protected Functions
| virtual | ~QAccessibleInterface() |
Detailed Description
This class is part of Accessibility for QWidget Applications.
Accessibility tools (also called AT Clients), such as screen readers or braille displays, require high-level information about accessible objects in an application. Accessible objects provide specialized input and output methods, making it possible for users to use accessibility tools with enabled applications (AT Servers).
Every element that the user needs to interact with or react to is an accessible object, and should provide this information. These are mainly visual objects, such as widgets and widget elements, but can also be content, such as sounds.
The AT client uses three basic concepts to acquire information about any accessible object in an application:
- Properties The client can read information about accessible objects. In some cases the client can also modify these properties; such as text in a line edit.
- Actions The client can invoke actions like pressing a button or .
- Relationships and Navigation The client can traverse from one accessible object to another, using the relationships between objects.
The QAccessibleInterface defines the API for these three concepts.
Relationships and Navigation
The functions childCount() and indexOfChild() return the number of children of an accessible object and the index a child object has in its parent. The childAt() function returns a child QAccessibleInterface that is found at a position. The child does not have to be a direct child. This allows bypassing intermediate layers when the parent already knows the top-most child. childAt() is used for hit testing (finding the object under the mouse).
The relations() function provides information about the relations an object has to other objects, and parent() and child() allows traversing from one object to another object.
Properties
The central property of an accessible objects is what role() it has. Different objects can have the same role, e.g. both the "Add line" element in a scroll bar and the OK button in a dialog have the same role, "button". The role implies what kind of interaction the user can perform with the user interface element.
An object's state() property is a combination of different state flags and can describe both how the object's state differs from a "normal" state, e.g. it might be unavailable, and also how it behaves, e.g. it might be selectable.
The text() property provides textual information about the object. An object usually has a name, but can provide extended information such as a description, help text, or information about any keyboard accelerators it provides. Some objects allow changing the text() property through the setText() function, but this information is in most cases read-only.
The rect() property provides information about the geometry of an accessible object. This information is usually only available for visual objects.
Interfaces
To enable the user to interact with an accessible object the object must implement QAccessibleActionInterface in addition to QAccessibleInterface. Objects that support selections can define actions to change the selection.
There are several other interfaces that should be implemented as required. QAccessibleTextInterface should be used for bigger texts edits such as document views. This interface should not be implemented for labels/single line edits.
For sliders, scrollbars and other numerical value selectors QAccessibleValueInterface should be implemented.
Lists, tables and trees should implement QAccessibleTableInterface.
See also QAccessible, QAccessibleActionInterface, QAccessibleTextInterface, QAccessibleValueInterface, and QAccessibleTableInterface.
Member Function Documentation
[virtual protected] QAccessibleInterface::~QAccessibleInterface()
Destroys the QAccessibleInterface.
QAccessibleActionInterface *QAccessibleInterface::actionInterface()
[virtual] QColor QAccessibleInterface::backgroundColor() const
Returns the accessible's background color if applicable or an invalid QColor.
See also foregroundColor().
[pure virtual] QAccessibleInterface *QAccessibleInterface::child(int index) const
Returns the accessible child with index index. 0-based index. The number of children of an object can be checked with childCount.
Returns nullptr when asking for an invalid child (e.g. when the child became invalid in the meantime).
See also childCount() and parent().
[pure virtual] QAccessibleInterface *QAccessibleInterface::childAt(int x, int y) const
Returns the QAccessibleInterface of a child that contains the screen coordinates (x, y). If there are no children at this position this function returns nullptr. The returned accessible must be a child, but not necessarily a direct child.
This function is only relyable for visible objects (invisible object might not be laid out correctly).
All visual objects provide this information.
A default implementation is provided for objects inheriting QAccessibleObject. This will iterate over all children. If the widget manages its children (e.g. a table) it will be more efficient to write a specialized implementation.
See also rect().
[pure virtual] int QAccessibleInterface::childCount() const
Returns the number of children that belong to this object. A child can provide accessibility information on its own (e.g. a child widget), or be a sub-element of this accessible object.
All objects provide this information.
See also indexOfChild().
[virtual] QAccessibleInterface *QAccessibleInterface::focusChild() const
Returns the object that has the keyboard focus.
The object returned can be any descendant, including itself.
[virtual] QColor QAccessibleInterface::foregroundColor() const
Returns the accessible's foreground color if applicable or an invalid QColor.
See also backgroundColor().
[pure virtual] int QAccessibleInterface::indexOfChild(const QAccessibleInterface *child) const
Returns the 0-based index of the object child in this object's children list, or -1 if child is not a child of this object.
All objects provide this information about their children.
See also childCount().
[virtual] void *QAccessibleInterface::interface_cast(QAccessible::InterfaceType type)
Returns a specialized accessibility interface type from the generic QAccessibleInterface.
This function must be reimplemented when providing more information about a widget or object through the specialized interfaces. For example a line edit should implement the QAccessibleTextInterface.
See also QAccessible::InterfaceType, QAccessibleTextInterface, QAccessibleValueInterface, QAccessibleActionInterface, QAccessibleTableInterface, and QAccessibleTableCellInterface.
[pure virtual] bool QAccessibleInterface::isValid() const
Returns true if all the data necessary to use this interface implementation is valid (e.g. all pointers are non-null); otherwise returns false.
See also object().
[pure virtual] QObject *QAccessibleInterface::object() const
Returns a pointer to the QObject this interface implementation provides information for.
See also isValid().
[pure virtual] QAccessibleInterface *QAccessibleInterface::parent() const
Returns the QAccessibleInterface of the parent in the accessible object hierarchy.
Returns nullptr if no parent exists (e.g. for the top level application object).
See also child().
[pure virtual] QRect QAccessibleInterface::rect() const
Returns the geometry of the object. The geometry is in screen coordinates.
This function is only reliable for visible objects (invisible objects might not be laid out correctly).
All visual objects provide this information.
See also childAt().
[virtual] QVector<QPair<QAccessibleInterface *, QAccessible::Relation>> QAccessibleInterface::relations(QAccessible::Relation match = QAccessible::AllRelations) const
Returns the meaningful relations to other widgets. Usually this will not return parent/child relations, unless they are handled in a specific way such as in tree views. It will typically return the labelled-by and label relations.
It is possible to filter the relations by using match. It should never return itself.
See also parent() and child().
[pure virtual] QAccessible::Role QAccessibleInterface::role() const
Returns the role of the object. The role of an object is usually static.
All accessible objects have a role.
[pure virtual] void QAccessibleInterface::setText(QAccessible::Text t, const QString &text)
Sets the text property t of the object to text.
Note that the text properties of most objects are read-only so calling this function might have no effect.
See also text().
[pure virtual] QAccessible::State QAccessibleInterface::state() const
Returns the current state of the object. The returned value is a combination of the flags in the QAccessible::StateFlag enumeration.
All accessible objects have a state.
QAccessibleTableCellInterface *QAccessibleInterface::tableCellInterface()
QAccessibleTableInterface *QAccessibleInterface::tableInterface()
[pure virtual] QString QAccessibleInterface::text(QAccessible::Text t) const
Returns the value of the text property t of the object.
The QAccessible::Name is a string used by clients to identify, find, or announce an accessible object for the user. All objects must have a name that is unique within their container. The name can be used differently by clients, so the name should both give a short description of the object and be unique.
An accessible object's QAccessible::Description provides textual information about an object's visual appearance. The description is primarily used to provide greater context for vision-impaired users, but is also used for context searching or other applications. Not all objects have a description. An "OK" button would not need a description, but a tool button that shows a picture of a smiley would.
The QAccessible::Value of an accessible object represents visual information contained by the object, e.g. the text in a line edit. Usually, the value can be modified by the user. Not all objects have a value, e.g. static text labels don't, and some objects have a state that already is the value, e.g. toggle buttons.
The QAccessible::Help text provides information about the function and usage of an accessible object. Not all objects provide this information.
The QAccessible::Accelerator is a keyboard shortcut that activates the object's default action. A keyboard shortcut is the underlined character in the text of a menu, menu item or widget, and is either the character itself, or a combination of this character and a modifier key like Alt, Ctrl or Shift. Command controls like tool buttons also have shortcut keys and usually display them in their tooltip.
All objects provide a string for QAccessible::Name.
See also setText(), role(), and state().
QAccessibleTextInterface *QAccessibleInterface::textInterface()
QAccessibleValueInterface *QAccessibleInterface::valueInterface()
[virtual] QWindow *QAccessibleInterface::window() const
Returns the window associated with the underlying object. For instance, QAccessibleWidget reimplements this and returns the windowHandle() of the QWidget.
It is used on some platforms to be able to notify the AT client about state changes. The backend will traverse up all ancestors until it finds a window. (This means that at least one interface among the ancestors should return a valid QWindow pointer).
The default implementation returns nullptr.